chīhua. | Nahuatl Dictionary

Headword:

chihua.

Principal English Translation:

to make; to do; to raise (as money); to construct, to build; to plant; to work the fields

IPAspelling:

tʃiːwɑ

Alonso de Molina:

Chiua. nic. vel. nitla. (pret. onicchiuh. vel. onitlachiuh.) hazer algo.
Chiua. nite. (pret. onitechiuh.) engendrar a otro.
Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, 1571, part 2, Nahuatl to Spanish, f. 21v. col. 1. Thanks to Joe Campbell for providing the transcription.

Frances Karttunen:

CHĪHU(A) vt to make, do something; to engender, beget someone / hacer algo (M), engendrar a otro (M) The reflexive use of this has the lexicalized sense ‘to happen.’ CHĪHUILIĀ applic. CHĪHU(A) CHĪHUALŌ nonact. CHĪHU(A) CHĪHUALTIĀ caus. CHĪHU(A)
Frances Karttunen, An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992), 51.

Horacio Carochi / English:

chīhua = to make, do
Horacio Carochi, S.J., Grammar of the Mexican language with an explanation of its adverbs (1645), translated and edited with commentary by James Lockhart, UCLA Latin American Studies Volume 89 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2001), 500.

Lockhart’s Nahuatl as Written:

(1) nic. to do, make, engender, perform, etc; to spend time; to pay or deliver tribute. Class 2; ōnicchīuh. (2) mo. to happen, to become, to be appointed to an office, for a plant to grow and yield, etc. also often serves as passive of chīhua (1). -pan mochīhua, to happen to someone, or in someone's time.

chīhualtia, nic. causative of chīhua

James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 214.

Attestations from sources in English:

See an image that represents chīhua in the Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, ed. Stephanie Wood (Eugene, Ore.: Wired Humanities, 2020-present).

achto tlahtohuani mochiuhca yn intlan teochichimeca = became the first ruler among the Teochichimeca (central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 68–69.

mochihuaz = it is to be done
Rebecca Horn and James Lockhart, "Mundane Documents in Nahuatl," in James Lockhart, Lisa Sousa, and Stephanie Wood, eds., Sources and Methods for the Study of Postconquest Mesoamerican Ethnohistory, Preliminary Version (e-book) (Eugene, Ore.: Wired Humanities Project, 2007, 2010), 4.

omochiuhque = they became
omochique = (a variation of the same, they became, as seen in the Toluca Valley)
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 41.

Ma y mochihua = may it be done (San Pablo Tepemaxalco, Toluca Valley, 1654)
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 136.

itla nonpa quimochihuilis y notlaÇotatzin dios = if my precious father God brings something upon me [i.e. if I die] (San Pedro Tototepec, Toluca Valley, 1728)
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 99.

nicchihua = I do it. Also seen is nichihua (the object c is dropped in the Valley of Mexico and in texts of Toluca Valley)
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 37.

mochihua = to attend to (often plants)
mochiuh = done, has become, became
mochiuhtiuh = the way it has become
chihuaz = is to be done, will be done
Robert Haskett and Stephanie Wood's notes from Nahuatl sessions with James Lockhart and subsequent research.

quichihuazque = are to do
Byron McAfee translation of the Tepotzotlan Techialoyan, published in Donald Robertson, The Techialoyan Codex of Tepotztotlan: Codex X (Rylands Mexican Ms. 1), Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 43:1 (Sept. 1960), 127.

xicchihua = hazlo = do it
Victoriano de la Cruz Cruz. Posting to Facebook, January 29, 2014. Word translated to English by Stephanie Wood.

Attestations from sources in Spanish:

uticchiguacq∼ = lo hicimos (se nota que se mantiene la vocal en el pretérito) (Chenalhó, Chiapas; 1714; pueblo tzotzil)
Karen Dakin, "Algunos documentos nahuas del sur de Mesoamérica," Visiones del encuentro de dos mundos en América: lengua, cultura, traducción y transculturación , eds. Karen Dakin, Mercedes Montes de Oca, y Claudia Parodi(México: UNAM, 2009), 254.

xicchihua = hazlo
Victoriano de la Cruz Cruz. Facebook, 29 enero 2014.

nicashi:ua = chihua
Naja a:huil tit ne a:mat se tzunzu:cul uan at. = Yo dibujo en el cuaderno un ca:ntaro con agua. (Sonsonate, El Salvador, Nahuat or Pipil, s. XX)
Tirso Canales, Nahuat (San Salvador: Universidad de El Salvador, Editorial Universitaria, 1996), 7–8.

IDIEZ morfema:

chīhua.

IDIEZ traduc. inglés:

1. to do a job or task. 2. to prepare a meal. 3. to build s.t. 4. for their to be a party. 5. to fake being sick, asleep or busy.

IDIEZ def. náhuatl:

1. nic. Macehualli quixitlahua ce tlamantli tequitl. “’Juan, ¿tlen ticchihua?’ ‘Nimomachtihticah’. ” 2. nic. Macehualli quicualtlalia ce tlacualiztli. “’Ofelia, xiconchihua ce cafeh. ’” 3. nic. Macehualli quicualchihua ce tlamantli. “Leobardo quichihua ce ornoh ica temeh. ” 4. mo. Oncah tlaixpiyalli. “Notionan ichan mochihuaz pan april pampa quiahxitiz xihuitl iixhuiuh. ” 5. nitla. Macehualli quiihtoa nimococoa, nicochtoc zo axnimoahxilia, huan axcanah melahuac; zan quiihtoa pampa axcanah quinequi quichihuaz ce tlamantli. “Yolanda nochipa ce yahuatzinco tlachihua mococoa pampa axquinequi yaz tequititi. ”

IDIEZ def. español:

A. 1. nic. Una persona lo termina un trabajo. “Juan, ¿Qué haces? Me estoy subando mi mamá. 2. nic. Una persona prepara comida. “Ofelia, prepara rapidamente café”. 3. nic. Una persona una cosa. “Leobardo hace un horno con peidra”. 4. mo. Hay baile. “ En la casa de mi madrina va ha ver baile en abril porque va a cumplir años su ñieta. 5. nitla. Una persona dice que estoy enfermo, me lastimé, o estoy ocupado, y no es cierto. Lo Dice porque no quiere hacer una cosa. “Yolanda siempre en las mañanas se hace que está enferma porque no quiere ir a trabar”. B. 1. terminar de hacer un trabajo. 2. Preparar comida. 3. Preparar una cosa. 4. Hay baile. 5. decir que mentiras que uno está enfermo.

IDIEZ gramática:

tlach2.

themes:

Plants, Trees, Flora

Audio for Headword:

chīhua

tlahtolli:

chīhua

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