cimatl.

Headword: 
cimatl.
Principal English Translation: 

a plant with an edible root, or the root itself
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 215.

Clavijero (1780) says this is a medicinal root; it is a personal name in the Matrícula de Huexotzinco; and, the Digital Florentine Codex keywording team translates cimatl as "runner bean;" also called a wild potato, heartleaf horsenettle, or heartleaf nightshade (see attestations)

Orthographic Variants: 
cimatli
IPAspelling: 
simɑtɬ
Alonso de Molina: 

cimatl. cierta rayz de yerua.
Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, 1571, part 2, Nahuatl to Spanish, f. 22r. col. 2. Thanks to Joe Campbell for providing the transcription.

Frances Karttunen: 

CIMA-TL a plant (Desmodium amplifolium) the well-cooked root of which is used to season stews / cierta raiz de yerba (M), planta cuya raiz su usa en guisados (S) [(1)Rp.75].
Frances Karttunen, An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992), 35.

Attestations from sources in English: 

See an image that represents cimatl in the Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, ed. Stephanie Wood (Eugene, Ore.: Wired Humanities, 2020-present).

The Florentine Codex, Book 11, f. 128r-v., includes the cimatl (the name of the root), and mentions that the greenery is called cuahueco (quaueco). The cimatl must be cooked in a pot or it is fatal. A variety is the tolcimatl, with chili-red blossoms and cylincrical roots. It is edible raw or cooked in an olla (128v).
Sahagún, Bernardino de, Antonio Valeriano, Alonso Vegerano, Martín Jacobita, Pedro de San Buenaventura, Diego de Grado, Bonifacio Maximiliano, Mateo Severino, et al. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Florentine Codex), Ms. Mediceo Palatino 218–20, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, MiBACT, 1577. Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Kevin Terraciano, Jeanette Peterson, Diana Magaloni, and Lisa Sousa, bk. 11, fol. 128v. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/128v?spTexts=&nhTexts= . Accessed 16 November 2025.

"It is commonly known as cimatli (along with S. ehrenbergii), heartleaf horsenettle, or heartleaf nightshade. This is one of the few wild potato species that was commonly used as food. The Aztec and the Chichimeca ate S. cardiophyllum and the practice continues in some parts of Mexico today (Johns 1990). In fact, there was at least one farm that was growing S. cardiophyllum, S. ehrenbergii, and S. stoloniferum for market in Jalisco as recently as 2010 (Villa Vazquez 2010)." The leaves are shaped like hearts.
"Solanum cardiophyllum," Cultivariable, https://www.cultivariable.com/instructions/potatoes/how-to-grow-wild-pot...

See also: