cuahuitl.

yhuan nohuiyan cuahuitl oquitlatlahtique yn inquiyahuac yn intlapanco españoles. yhuan candelas sepo tlatlatlac luminarios. = and everywhere the Spaniards burned wood outside their house and on their roofs, and tallow candles, luminarios, were also burned. (central Mexico, 1613)
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 232–233.

quahuitl (noun) = a tree; a stick; fig., chastisement
Daniel Garrison Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry: Containing the Nahuatl Text of XXVII Ancient Mexican Poems (1877), 160.

quavitl tlatlapanalli = chopped firewood (Tlaxcala, 1545)
Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 34, 210–211.

ytoca cuavitl = named Quahuitl (gender not made clear) (Cuernavaca region, ca. 1540s)
The Book of Tributes: Early Sixteenth-Century Nahuatl Censuses from Morelos, ed. and transl. S. L. Cline, (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1993), 156–157. See also Quahui, attested on 164–165. And another, who is clearly a male, on 168–169.

in tlaquavac quiauitl, y yamanqui quavitl, ca yveycal; vevey, vapalli vey elquauhyvtl mvteneva vevey, tlaquetzalli muteneva vevey tlaxquitl moteneva = the hard wood, the soft wood, the great houses, the great beams, what are called the great pillars, what are called the great lintels (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales, ed. Thelma D. Sullivan, et al. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 226.

quauhtica = behind bars: In ye quauhtica, in ye mecatica tanotihui = When you are already behind bars and tied in ropes. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Thelma Dorfman Sullivan, A Scattering of Jades: Stories, Poems, and Prayers of the Aztecs (2003), 205.

In the Florentine Codex, quahuitl was part of a paired phrase that includes tetl (stone), referring to a deity who could see things within or inside wood and stones. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 31.

Izcatquj ic qujtlapaloa in mjxiuhquj: qujlvia [...] otôiaot, otonmjcal, otimomaman, ovelticman, oveltictzitzquj in mochimal, in moquauh = Behold that with which [a speaker] greeted the newly delivered woman [...] Thou hast made war, thou hast skirmished, thou hast exerted thyself, thou hast taken well, seized well thy shield, thy club (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 194.

ca oticmononochili in quavitl, in tetl itic tlamati, tlachia = for thou hast consulted the one who knoweth, who seeth things [within] wood, within stones (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 31.

tetl itic, quavitl itic tlamati, tlachia tlacaquj in totecujo: mjtztlamachiliz ҫã cuel itla mopan qujoalmonequjltiz = our lord knoweth, seeth, heareth the things within the rocks, within the wood. He will know thy secrets (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 49.

tiquinmacaque yn quahuitl yvan in ocotzotl ynic quichiuhque acalli yn Españoles = we gave them the wood and pitch with which the Spaniards made the boats. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
James Lockhart, We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico, Repertorium Columbianum v. 1 (Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1993), 290–291.

ca oyçoliuh yn quauhtzintli = the wood has deteriorated (Culhuacan, 1580)
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 192.

in tlateotocanime inic quinnotzaya quintlayecoltiaya in quahuitl yn tetl in Ehuillome in diablosme in ydolosme = the idolaters would call to, would serve wood, stones, statues, devils, idols (central Mexico, late sixteenth century)
Louise M. Burkhart, Before Guadalupe: The Virgin Mary in Early Colonial Nahuatl Literature, Institute for Mesoamerican Studies Monograph 13 (Albany: University at Albany, 2001), 89.

quahuitl = rod or stick (Coyoacan, sixteenth or seventeenth century)
Rebecca Horn, Postconquest Coyoacan: Nahua-Spanish Relations in Central Mexico, 1519–1650 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), 153.

tetl quahuitl, "stone(s) + stick(s) = punishment"
See Sell's comments in Bartolomé de Alva, A Guide to Confession Large and Small in the Mexican Language, 1634, eds. Barry D. Sell and John Frederick Schwaller, with Lu Ann Homza (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 22.

Literally "stick," one of the forms of the main traditional unit of measurement, often about seven feet or more, here used in Toluca area but not in Calimaya/Tepemaxalco.
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 248.

In a number of testaments from Culhuacan, James Lockhart found that quahuitl, as a measurement, was fairly rarely named, and matl much more often. But he also concludes from the sizes of the land given that these units were the same size in this context. (Culhuacan, 1572)
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites the Testaments of Culhuacan, pp 224–229.

Quahuitl is used as a measurement in Coyoacan in Nahuatl documents dating from 1557 and 1575.
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites the book Beyond the Codices, pp. 92, 94.

An indigenous couple sold her cihuatlalli, located near the property of the Franciscans and the road (ochpantli). It measured 15 by 10 quahuitl. They got 20 pesos for it. They sold it to the Franciscans. (Coyoacan region, 1575)
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites the book Beyond the Codices, p. 116.

Quahuitl is attested as a measurement twice in a Nahuatl document from Metepec in 1795, even when the unit of measurement is often not specified
Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), p. 74.

Quahuitl is attested as a measurement in a document from Atenantitlan, Coyoacan, from 1554 ("Auh yn cuauitl yc omopouh yeuatl yn matlatlacxitl nican mopia."), and a posterior Spanish translation explains that it was the equivalent of ten feet ("la brasa de dies pies que es la que acoztumbra este pueblo").
Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 9, 88–89.

Plots for family dwellings might typically measure 20 quahuitl square in Toluca. Some parcels could be 80, and some parcels of 20 could be subdivided.
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 26, 248.

Ten quahuitl of land could be planted with 1 almud of maize seed; 20 quahuitl = 2 almudes; 30 cuahuitl = 3 almudes, etc. The value of ten quahuitl of land was 2 pesos and 4 reales. The translation of Nahuatl testaments uses "palos" for the quahuitl.
AGN Civil 1003, exp. 4; photocopy and notes in the collection of Stephanie Wood. See folio 29 verso.

In Tetzcoco, Tepaneca and perhaps other regions, the term was expanded to tlalquahuitl, land-stick. In some areas quahuitl and maitl or matl are synonymous, but in Tetzcoco and Coyoacan at least, the matl could be a fraction of the quahuitl.
James Lockhart, The Nahuas after the Conquest: A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992), 144.

-quahuitl (can have a prefix such as a number or something like tlal-, to refer to the measuring implement for use on land), generally 6 to 8 feet. But James Lockhart prefers to leave the term quahuitl (the measurement) as it is in English translations due to the fact that its exact dimensions are still under investigation. (SW)

yn quahuitl quipia yey varas = one quahuitl measures three varas; and, a piece of land in this context measures (quipia) 21 and 15.5 quahuitl (Amecameca, 1661)
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites AGN Tierras 2553, exp. 5, f. 1r.

A "tlaltzintli" measuring 20 x 20 quahuitl (square parcel), on the road and shared between two couples, sold for 6 pesos; the buyer was an "espaniol" married to an "espanola;" both of them lived in the tlaxilacalli of Santa Barbara Mixcoac, in the "cioda de sa Jusephe Tolocan" (Toluca city, 1670)
Stephanie Wood collection, notes from Nahuatl documents in the file "Bills of Sale," citing Archivo General del Estado de México, RPEM 6, exp. 1, ff. 1r.–2v.

quauhtica = with a stick: quauhtica tehuitec = he beat people with a stick (central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 40–41.

quauhtica = by means of a stick: Siméon gives "quauhtica nemi" as a reference to a campesino, a rural worker, presumably because this is a person who works with (and lives by) a stick, perhaps a planting stick.
Rémi Siméon, Diccionario de la lengua náhuatl o mexicana redactado según los documentos impresos y manuscritos más auténticos y precedido de una introducción (Mexico: Siglo Veintiuno, 1996, {1885}), 413.

house and land, 5 quahuitl by 5 quahuitl, sold for 75 pesos (Santa Barbara Xolalpa, Toluca city, 1702)
Stephanie Wood collection, notes from Nahuatl documents in the file "Bills of Sale," citing Archivo General del Estado de México, RPEM 6, exp. 10, f. 8r..

A parcel measuring 10 quahuitl (translated as "palos") was sold by a humble man to a "don" for 35 pesos; the money was needed to make up for money spent for a "bula" (according to the Spanish translation, also attested as the loanword "bula" in the Nahuatl); the parcel abutted the house of another "don" (Texcaliacac, Toluca Valley, 1730)
Stephanie Wood collection, notes from Nahuatl documents in the file "Bills of Sale," citing AGN (Mexico) Tierras 2538, exp. 6, ff. 23r.–v., 26r.–v. (Spanish translation).

ahu in tlalcuahuitl inic omotamachihu ca llehuatl in quipie ome bara yhuan tlaco motenehua tzennequetzalpan (here the tlalquahuitl is explained to be the equivalent of two and a half varas in length) (Azcapotzalco, 1738)
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites the book Beyond the Codices, p. 106.

"se tlalin" = a piece of land; measuring 5 quahuitl (translated as palos) and 25 surcos (a loanword) was sold by a family man to his niece for 7 pesos (Tenango del Valle, 1749)
Stephanie Wood collection, notes from Nahuatl documents in the file "Bills of Sale," citing AGN (Mexico) Tierras 2545, exp. 11, f. 5r. (Spanish translation appears on f. 4r.)

"se nomill" = "one piece of land (milli) of mine;" this was sold by one "don" to another "don" for 11 pesos; it measured 25 quahuitl, said to be 20 and "tlaco" matlacquahuitl, and it held 2.5 almudes of maize seed. It would appear from this example that the matlacquahuitl or matlaquahuitl was slightly larger than the quahuitl. (San Miguel Almoloya, Toluca Valley, 1754)
Stephanie Wood collection, notes from Nahuatl documents in the file "Bills of Sale," citing AGN (Mexico) Tierras 2539, exp. 11, ff. 4r, 7r. (Spanish translation on 7r.)

10 cuahutl [sic] = 10 quahuitl (rods, poles, measuring sticks); "ini tlali" sold for 7 pesos in cash by a humble family to the son of a "don" (j. Santiago Tianguistengo; 1763)
Stephanie Wood collection, notes from Nahuatl documents in the file "Bills of Sale," citing AGN (Mexico) Tierras 2544, exp. 15, f. 1r. (Spanish translation).

matl appears in a mid-sixteenth century Coyoacan document that primarily lists quahuitl, e.g. 10 (quahuitl) ypan cenmatl, which indicates that the matl was a fraction of a quahuitl; his notes also point out a possible 12–foot equivalent for the quahuitl, and suggest we remember that 10 feet was the equivalent given in another document. He also wonders if a matl was half the 12, i.e. about 6 feet.
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites the book Beyond the Codices, pp. 88, 154.

An indigenous family sold a piece of land measuring 20 by 20 quahuitl to a Spaniard for 10 pesos and 4 tomines (reales) in cash.
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites the book Beyond the Codices, p. 98.

caltzintli ynic huiyac onpohualli 10 tli quahuitl ca ytech onaci yn itlal Alonso Ortiz auh ynic patlahuac 5 matl = una casa y tiene de largo cincuenta palos y llega hasta la tierra de Alonso Ortiz, y de ancho tiene cinco brazas (Coyoacán, 1624)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVII, vol. 3, Teresa Rojas Rabiela, et al, eds. (México: CIESAS, 2002), 140–141.

castolquahuitl meyotoc = qui[n]ce palos con magueyes (Toluca, 1621)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVII, vol. 3, Teresa Rojas Rabiela, et al, eds. (México: CIESAS, 2002), 138–139.

quahuitl untecpantli niquihtohua monepan tlaxelloz centecpantli quahmimiliz yoan yn iapechyo mochiuhtoc yn heui pantli yoan centlapal tlaquetzalli yoan centetl puerta = cuarenta moril[l]os y una viga que se había de echar en medio, y los pilares y una puerta (Cuauhtitlán, 1599)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos indígenas novohispanos, vol. 2, Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVI, eds., Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Elsa Leticia Rea López, Constantino Medina Lima (Mexico: Consejo Nacional de Ciencias Tecnología, 1999), 330–331.

ey pesotica tlatlatilquahuitl = tres pesos de leña de quemar (Xochimilco, 1582)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos indígenas novohispanos, vol. 2, Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVI, eds., Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Elsa Leticia Rea López, Constantino Medina Lima (Mexico: Consejo Nacional de Ciencias Tecnología, 1999), 246–247.

centetl tlalmilli yn onpa mani Ahuayocan cempohual cuahuitl ynic hueyca matlacmatl ypatlahuaca = una milpa y tierra que está en la parte que dicen Ahuayuca que tiene veinte varas de largo y diez de ancho (San Juan Teotihuacan, 1563)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos indígenas novohispanos, vol. 2, Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVI, eds., Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Elsa Leticia Rea López, Constantino Medina Lima (Mexico: Consejo Nacional de Ciencias Tecnología, 1999), 144–145.

coahccoavito = salió a leñar (Tlaxcala, 1564)
Catálogo de documentos escritos en náhuatl, siglo XVI, vol. I (Tlaxcala: Gobierno del Estado de Tlaxcala y el Archivo Histórico del Estado de Tlaxcala, 2013), 29.

quauitl = bastón; amoquauh, vuestro bastón
Rémi Siméon, Diccionario de la lengua náhuatl o mexicana (Mexico: Siglo XXI, 1988), xlii.

cuahui:t = quahuitl
cuacuahuit = quahuitl
Tic ne co:jtan nemi se cua:huit uan ita:n nemi se gala:ntzin cihua:pil. = En el campo esta: un a:rbol y debajo esta: una bonita muchacha.
Ne cuiajcua:huit, ne huilu:met uan nu sha:jkal ne kuiga no:han. = Los a:rboles, las aves y mi rancho los llevo conmigo. (Sonsonate, El Salvador, Nahuat or Pipil, s. XX)
Tirso Canales, Nahuat (San Salvador: Universidad de El Salvador, Editorial Universitaria, 1996), 9–10.