brno descobar quito cabo quixquetzaz yn aquin yxiptla yezqui gouor = Bernardino de Escobar said: "The cabildo should appoint the one who is to be substitute for the governor."
Anto flores quito çan ye quixquetzaz in gouor aquin ixiptla yezqui yehica ça contzonquixtiz yn itequiuh = Antonio Flores said: "Only the governor should appoint the one who is to be his substitute, since he will only finish out his term." [These are two examples of the many opinions offered on the subject.]
The Tlaxcalan Actas: A Compendium of the Records of the Cabildo of Tlaxcala (1545-1627), eds. James Lockhart, Frances Berdan, and Arthur J.O. Anderson (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1986), 116.
ca in maçihui in i, yeyantzinco nica in Dios, yhuan nixiptlatzin, ca nitlalticpac tlacatl yuhqui tehuatl = for even though I am taking God's place and am substituting for Him I am a person of the earth like you
Bartolomé de Alva, A Guide to Confession Large and Small in the Mexican Language, 1634, eds. Barry D. Sell and John Frederick Schwaller, with Lu Ann Homza (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 66–67.
Domingo motlayahualhui yn ixiptlatzin Sancto S Luis. = The image of the saint San Luis went in procession. (central Mexico, 1612)
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 226–227.
njman ie ic oalqujça oalmoiacatia, oalmotecpana, yn ixquijchtin teixiptlaoan, yn jnpatilooan in ixuijchtin teteu: motocaiotiaia tepatiuhti, tepatillooan, teixiptlati = Then all the impersonators, the proxies, of all the gods emerged in order, ahead of all. They were called the lieutenants, the delegates, the images. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 2 -- The Ceremonies, no. 14, Part III, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1951), 50.
quimixiptlatiaia yn tetepe yn quezquitetl = fashioned images of the mountains.
Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales, ed. Thelma D. Sullivan, et al. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 113.
In ixquich in imixiptlavan, in impatilloan in diablome, ie no ceppa quincecencauhque, quintlaquentique = Again they ornamented and clothed all the images and representations of the devils. (Mexico City, sixteenth century)
James Lockhart, We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico, Repertorium Columbianum v. 1 (Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1993), 178.
Caltzintli muchica Solar Yhuan Yxiptlayotz[in] Dios = a small house with lot and an image of God (Metepec, 1795)
Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 6, 74–75.
"Tezcatlipoca's iixiptla...represented this deity for an entire 365–day year, wore his dress and was attended to by four female servants; at the end of the cycle, he was sacrificed in public during the feast of Toxcatl."
David Tavárez, The Invisible War: Indigenous Devotions, Discipline, and Dissent in Colonial Mexico (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2011), 42.
And, "after Tezcatlipoca's iixiptla came out dancing, Moteuczoma approached him and gave him presents, 'because truly already he considered him his dear teotl.'"
David Tavárez, The Invisible War: Indigenous Devotions, Discipline, and Dissent in Colonial Mexico (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2011), 42.
yquac possecion macoc. yn Don Juan de ceruãtes. arcediano. ynic yxiptlatzin = when don Juan de Cervantes, archdeacon, was given possession [of the office] and made the deputy (central Mexico, 1608)
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 152–3.
This was the term for a person who would be arrayed in the likeness of Huitzilopochli during ceremonies in the deity's honor; he would wear this gear for a year, fast, and dance; his is referred to as the ixiptla of Huitzilopochtli. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 3 -- The Origin of the Gods, Part IV, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1978), 7.
Paynal: motepatillotianj, moteixiptlatianj: tepan mixeoanj: iehica ca qujmixiiptlatiaia, in vitzilubuchtli, yn iquac tlaiaoaloaia, motocaiotia paynal: ipampa ca cenca, qujtototzaia, qujmotlalochtiaia. = Paynal was "the delegate," "the substitute," "the deputy"; because he represented Uitzilopochtli when there was a procession. He was named Paynal, because he pressed on and urged them ahead. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 1 -- The Gods; No. 14, Part 2, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1950), 1.
ixiptla = bark, skin, envelope; representative, delegate
Serge Gruzinski, The Conquest of Mexico: Westernization of Indian Societies from the 16th to the 18th Century (2014), glossary.