maxtlatl.

Headword: 
maxtlatl.
Principal English Translation: 

loincloth, breechclout, breechcloth

Orthographic Variants: 
maztlatl, mastlatl
IPAspelling: 
mɑːʃtɬɑtɬ
Alonso de Molina: 

maxtlatl. bragas, o cosa semejante.
Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, 1571, part 2, Nahuatl to Spanish, f. 54v. col. 2. Thanks to Joe Campbell for providing the transcription.

Frances Karttunen: 

MĀXTLA-TL possessed form: -MĀXTLI breechclout / bragas o cosa semejante (M) [(1)Bf. 11r, (3)Cf. 82V]. Without the absolutive suffix, this may serve as a personal name. the sequence max appears in entries in M and S having to do with bifurcation, but the length of the vowel is in question, since it is attested short in MAXAL-LI and MAXAC-TLI ‘crotch, something forked’ and long in MĀXTLA-TL.
Frances Karttunen, An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992), 141.

Attestations from sources in English: 

quaxoxoacatlamachio maxtlatl, tianqujzio maxtlatl, quauhtetepoio maxtlatl, xiuhtezcaio maxtlatl, acapapaloio maxtlatl, centzonmaxtlatl tlatlatlapalpoalli, cempoalçotl acahecacozcaio, quappachmaxtlatl acan tlamachio, nochpalmaxtlatl, ocelotzontecoio oceloxicalcoliuhquj maxtlatl, quauhtzontecoio, acaiujtemalacaio maxtlatl, acatlamachmoiaoac maxtlatl. = The breech clout with the ivy design embroidered at the ends; The breech clout with the market place design; The breech clout with the eagle's leg design; The breech clout with the turquoise mosaic mirror design; The breech clout with the butterfly design at the ends; The breech clout striped in many colors; The breech clout made of twenty pieces, with the wind jewel design at the ends; The tawny colored breech clout with embroidered ends; The carmine-colored breech clout with the ocelot head; The ocelot breech clout with a step design; The coyote fur [breech clout] with the eagle head; The breech clout with feathered discs at the ends; The breech clout with radiating embroidery at the ends. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 8 -- Kings and Lords, no. 14, Part IX, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1951), 25.

maztlatl = a long narrow strip of textile wrapped around the lower torso, passed between the legs, and tied at the waist (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Justyna Olko, Turquoise Diadems and Staffs of Office: Elite Costume and Insignia of Power in Aztec and Early Colonial Mexico (Warsaw: Polish Society for Latin American Studies and Centre for Studies on the Classical Tradition, University of Warsaw, 2005), 102.

in teumjmjlli itoca, iuh mjtoa ymaxtli = named the sacred roll -- in this form it was named his breech clout (made of white paper)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 2 -- The Ceremonies, no. 14, Part III, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1951), 69.

centzonmaxtlatl tlatlatlapalpoalli = the breech clout striped in many colors (quoting the Códice Florentino, VIII:25) (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Justyna Olko, Turquoise Diadems and Staffs of Office: Elite Costume and Insignia of Power in Aztec and Early Colonial Mexico (Warsaw: Polish Society for Latin American Studies and Centre for Studies on the Classical Tradition, University of Warsaw, 2005), 52.

nochpalmaxtlatl = carmine colored breechclouts (quoting the Primeros Memoriales fol. 56v.) (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Justyna Olko, Turquoise Diadems and Staffs of Office: Elite Costume and Insignia of Power in Aztec and Early Colonial Mexico (Warsaw: Polish Society for Latin American Studies and Centre for Studies on the Classical Tradition, University of Warsaw, 2005), 289.

y yamamaxtli = his paper breechcloth (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales, ed. Thelma D. Sullivan, et al. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 99.

Zazan tleino, nipa niyauh, nipa xiyauh, ompa toncanamiquizque. Maxtlatl. = What is a "I go this way, you go that, and over there we shall meet?" A breachcloth. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Thelma D. Sullivan, "Nahuatl Proverbs, Conundrums, and Metaphors, Collected by Sahagún," Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl 4 (1963), 133–134.

in amjximati oqujmaviҫoque in xuchitl, in jietl, in maxtlatl, in tilmatli, in quachtli, in quemjtl: auh in tlalli, in calli in oqujmaviҫoco = The prosperous enjoyed the flowers, the tubes of tobacco, the breech clouts, the capes, the large cotton capes, the clothing. And they came enjoying the land, the houses (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 106.

Ҫaҫan tleino, njpa njiauh, njpa xiiauh, vmpa tontonamjqujzque. Maxtlatl = What is that which [says]: "I go this way, thou goest that way, [so that] we shall meet there"? The breech cloth (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 238.

auh no inpan nez, in tlaçotilmatli, in cenca mauiztic, tlapalecacozcaio, ioan xomoihuitilmatli, ioan hihuitica tetecomaio tilmatl ioan mauiztic mastlatl, tlamachio in iiac, uel iacauiac in imastlaiacaio: ioã tlamachcueitl, tlamachuipilli, ioan chicuematl tilmatli, iacatziuhqui, ioan cacaoatl = And also in their time appeared costly capes — the wonderful red ones, with the wind jewel design; and white duck feather capes; and capes with cup-shaped designs in feathers; and wonderful breech clouts with embroidered ends — with long ends at the extremities of the breech clouts; and embroidered skirts [and] shifts; and capes eight fathoms long, of twisted weave; and chocolate. (16th century, Mexico City)
Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex, Book 9—The Merchants, trans. Charles E. Dubble and Arthur J.O. Anderson (Santa Fe, New Mexico; The School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1959), 2.

Attestations from sources in Spanish: 

Ҫaҫan tleino, njpa njiauh, njpa xiiauh, vmpa tontonamjqujzque. Maxtlatl = Que cosa y cosa, voy acolla ve tu a la otra parte y alla nos iuntaremos. Es el mastli que el vn cabo va a vna parte y el otro a la contraria y tornãse a nudar iuntamente (centro de Mexico, s. XVI)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 238.

matlactli maxtlatl = part of the tribute payment owed by the people of Quauhtinchan in 1523 to the encomendero (Quauhtinchan, sixteenth century)
Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Güemes, y Luis Reyes García (México: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 230.