Principal English Translation:
over; on top of; on the top; upwards; outside; on the surface, etc.
Alonso de Molina:
pani. encima, o por defuera enla sobre haz.
Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, 1571, part 2, Nahuatl to Spanish, f. 79r. col. 2. Thanks to Joe Campbell for providing the transcription.
Frances Karttunen:
PANI on top, on the outside or surface / encima, o por de fuera, en la sobre haz (M) See -PAN. PAHPANI redup. –PANI.
Frances Karttunen, An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992), 186.
Lockhart’s Nahuatl as Written:
particle. on the surface, showing, on top. older abs. form of
-pan. 229
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 229.
Attestations from sources in English:
adverb, telling where; related to -pan
Horacio Carochi, S.J., Grammar of the Mexican language with an explanation of its adverbs (1645), translated and edited with commentary by James Lockhart, UCLA Latin American Studies Volume 89 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2001), 509, and see 452 n2.