This loanword is fairly common in colonial Nahuatl. Alva's guide to confession uses it 12 times out of 260 total loanword appearances of various kinds. His guide uses sacramentos 7 times. The percentages of appearances of certain loans in Alva are very consistent with Chimalpahin, who also wrote in the seventeenth century.
See Sell's comments in Bartolomé de Alva, A Guide to Confession Large and Small in the Mexican Language, 1634, eds. Barry D. Sell and John Frederick Schwaller, with Lu Ann Homza (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 23.
sacramento moyetztica in inacayotzin to Tecuiyo = it is the sacrament of the Body of our venerated Lord Susanne Klaus, Uprooted Christianity: The Preaching of the Christian Doctrine in Mexico, Based on Franciscan Sermons of the 16th Century Written in Nahuatl (Bonn: Bonner Amerikanistische Studien e. V. c/o Seminar für Völkerkunde, Universität Bonn, 1999), 143.
ittetzinco axihuia (sacramento) = to receive the Holy Communion Susanne Klaus, Uprooted Christianity: The Preaching of the Christian Doctrine in Mexico, Based on Franciscan Sermons of the 16th Century Written in Nahuatl (Bonn: Bonner Amerikanistische Studien e. V. c/o Seminar für Völkerkunde, Universität Bonn, 1999), 143.
Santísimo Sacramento was the name of a cofradía in Tula that left records in Nahuatl from the late sixteenth-century.
Rebecca Horn and James Lockhart, "Mundane Documents in Nahuatl," in James Lockhart, Lisa Sousa, and Stephanie Wood, eds., Sources and Methods for the Study of Postconquest Mesoamerican Ethnohistory, Preliminary Version (e-book) (Eugene, Ore.: Wired Humanities Project, 2007, 2010), 10.
in izquitlamantli scros otechmomaquilique (Huejotzingo, 1560)
Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 29.
15 pos 2 to quihuiquilia huey yglesia yhuan ce caxa yyaxca sancto sacramento (Jalostotitlan, Jalisco, 1611)
Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 27.
no ceppa Sacramento ylhuitzi onechmicti (Coyoacan, 1613)
Frances Karttunen and James Lockhart, Nahuatl in the Middle Years: Language Contact Phenomena in Texts of the Colonial Period, Linguistics 85 (Los Angeles, University of California Publications, 1976), Doc. 6.
tehuiquililistli ynahuac santicimo çacramento (S. Francisco Analcotitlan (Jalisco?), 1652)
Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 8.