tlalacuezalin.

TLĀLA-CUEZA-LI, Red-crowned Amazon (Amazona viridigenalis) [FC: 23-24 Tlalacueçali] “It is a forest-dweller, with curved, yellow bill, a chili-red head, purple-brown wing-bend, dark yellow breast. Its back, wings, tail are dark green.… Its tail and wings are leaf-colored.” The description best fits the Red-crowned Amazon, which has an extensive red crown and a yellow bill, features less obvious in the other four Amazona species in the vicinity of Central Mexico. I agree with Martin del Campo ’s identification.
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 11 – Earthly Things, no. 14, Part XII, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1963); Rafael Martín del Campo, “Ensayo de interpretación del Libro Undecimo de la Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España de Fray Bernardino de Sahagún – 11 Las Aves (1),” Anales del Instituto de Biología Tomo XI, Núm. 1 (México, D.F., 1940); and, with quotation selections, synthesis, and analysis here also appearing in E. S. Hunn, "The Aztec Fascination with Birds: Deciphering Sixteenth-Century Sources," unpublished manuscript, 2022, cited here with permission.

A painting of this bird appears in the Florentine Codex.
Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 11: Earthly Things", fol. 23v, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/23v/images/29a83d00-6... Accessed 16 October 2025.

The orthography of this bird name varies, sometimes ending in -li, sometimes in -lin. Perhaps the -li ending is inadvertently missing the final -n. Both spellings appear in the Gran Diccionario del Nahuatl:
https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/tlalacuezali
https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/tlalacuezalin