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a reed or cane fence or enclosure; a wall; a subunit of an altepetl; a chinampa (raised lakebed garden) or agricultural strip
CHINAMITL AS CHINAMPA / AGRICULTURAL USAGE
nochina yn ōpa temi tecuitlaapa matlactetl çecenpohualhuiyac = there are 10 chinampas of mine in Tecuitlaapan, each one 20 [units of measurement] long (Culhuacan, 1580)
auh yn chinamitl [29v] yc omotamachiuh nauhtetl Cenpohuali yhuan chiCuey baras yhua Centetl Caltontli antle quipien Puerta tonati ycalaquianpa ynic on[mo]tamachiuh nahui bara yhuan tlacon ynic huiyac yey baras yhuan tl[a]Con ynic patlahuac = and the four chinampas [f. 29v] were measured at 28 varas, and a little house that has no door, toward the west, was measured at 4 1/2 varas in length and 3 1/2 varas in width. (1655, Mexico City)
oncan yc ye mochinantia oncan quitocaque yn tlaolli y huauhtli. yn etl. yn ayotli. yn chilchotl. yn xitomatl = There they made reed fences for themselves; there they planted corn, amaranth, beans, squash, green chilis, and tomatoes. (central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
iatentlallo = its land at the edge of the water -- This was sometimes a set of chinampas designated to go along with a house in sixteenth-century Culhuacan testaments.
A chinampa or so-called "floating" garden did not really float but was built up on a lake bed or shore using mud from the bottom of the water; often held and/or sold/given in groups of 7, esp. in Culhuacan. (S. Cline); in southern Mexico and Guatemala, chinamitl = subdivision of a town.
One wonders whether the structures that supported the built-up mud of the chinampas are partly what explains the relationship between these two definitions: agricultural strip and fence enclosure. See the hieroglyph for chinamitl from the Matrícula de Huexotzinco, folio 503 recto, which appears to be a fence. And another glyphic example verges toward the agricultural structure: Tierras v. 1735, exp. 2, f. 109. In this public domain photo of a contemporary chinampa, one can see the edge along the water is now supported with substantial wooden posts. In this glyph for Chinantlan, the agricultural use is clear. (Stephanie Wood, Editor)
CHINAMITL AS SOCIO-POLITICAL UNIT
"In much of Mesoamerica, and especially in the southern part, the term 'chinamitl' was a rough equivalent of 'calpulli' and 'tlaxilacalli." Chimalpahin seldom uses the term. Most instances seem to refer to actual chinampas." (central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
chinamitl = small calpulli, or settlement/house cluster, ranging in size from 32 households to only one (citing Carrasco's study of the Morelos census documents, an ethnohistorical record); in the archaeological record studied by Smith, however, mean sizes of 14 households (for Molotla) and 17 (for Tepetenchicalcan) were found for what he believes to be chinamitl.
chinamitl = "are always divisions of a larger calpolli;" "spatially clustered territorial units;" mean sizes are 12 and 17 households
nochinamil yeztepel = my chinamitl (barrio or small outlying settlement) of Iztepec; chinamitl = "literally 'fence' but often the rough equivalent of calpolli in the southern Nahua-speaking region;" Iztepec was also a chinamitl of Yanhuitlan and its subunits were called siña
CHINAMITL AS A ROOM FOR DANCING?
chinamitl = 1) fence, wall (from Molina); 2) enclosure (see Molina, "cerca assi"); 3) a room or area for dancing and singing (Bierhorst)
CHINAMITL Y USOS AGRICOLAS
epantli chinamitl = tres hileras de camellones (Xochimilco, 1582)
niconmaquilia chicompantli yn chinamitl Tlillapan ypan manique tequitque = le doy siete camellones en el pago llamado Tlilapa, que los tengo dados a los indios (Xochimilco, 1577
onicmacac tlalli chinamitl yoan cuezcomatl... chinamitl yoan cuescomatl = le tengo dado de tierras y troje... las dichas tierras, camellones y troje (Xochimilco, 1572)
onpantli chinamitl yn opa temi Tlaçoloztoc cecenpohual cuemitl mamacuilte patlahuac ye Mexicopa itçtitemi = dos camellones que están e son en Tlazaloztoc, de cada veinte brazas en largo y cinco de ancho, que enderezan hacia México (San Juan Teotihuacan, 1563)
Auh yn Tolla napohualli chinamitl cenpohualli petlahuatoc nicmacatiuh ynonamic = En Tulan tengo ochenta camellones, los veinte camellones están labrados, todos los dichos camellones sean para mi mujer. (San Juan Moyotlan, D.F., 1551)
chimamitl = camellón: yuan centetl in chinamitl ynic motamachiua macuilmatl yhuan ce mitl = un camellon que medido tiene cinco brazas y media (Ciudad de México, 1564)
cempouali pesos yuan matlactli pesos yuan 1 pesos yn ipatiuh in cali in tlali in chinamitl ynic otoyolopachiuh = los treynta e un pesos precio de las casas [tierras e camellones lo qual vendimos de nuestra voluntad) (Ciudad de México, s. XVI)
auh onmanca in xacal centetl yhuan chinamitl = tenía sus xacales hechos e que tenya unos camellones (Ciudad de México, s. XVI)
napohualli chinamitl cenpohualli petlahuatoc = tengo ochenta [brazas de] camellones los veynte [brazas de] camellones están labradas (Tenochtitlan, 1551)
auh yn atl yn chinamitl mochiua macuilmatl ynic patlahuac caxtolmatl omome ynic huiyac yn oncan chinanquac home estacas omomaman ce otlica = y lo que está en camellones y agua tiene cinco brazas de ancho y de largo dies y siete brazas e ansí hincamos sobre los camellones dos estacas y otra en la entrada y camino (Ciudad de México, 1570)
Auh yn chinamitl yetetl ynic huehueyac matlatlacmatl = Y los chinamitl que son tres miden de largo diez brazas (Ciudad de Mexico, 1557)
CHINAMITL COMO UNIDAD SOCIO-POLITICO
Tlasumaguis señor capitan Don. Andres de Zarate alcalde mayor visitador general nican tu chinamit = Amado y respetable señor Capitán Don Andrés de Zarate Alcalde Mayor visitador General aquí en nuestro pueblo (Quechula, Chiapas; 1674; pueblo zoque)
chinamit = pueblo (Guatemala, 1637, documento en pipil)
CHINAMITL COMO CERCA
chinamitl = tejido de cañas ó de varas; seto ó cercado de cañas; chinamil
chinamitl = cerca de cañas; chinampan = en/sobre la cerca de cañas
