capolin.

Headword: 
capolin.
Principal English Translation: 

a local cherry-like tree, or the fruit of it (see Molina)

Orthographic Variants: 
capulin
Alonso de Molina: 

capulin. cerezo, el arbol, o la fruta del.
Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, 1571, part 2, Nahuatl to Spanish, f. 12v. col. 1. Thanks to Joe Campbell for providing the transcription.

Frances Karttunen: 

CAPOL-IN pl: -TIN cherry tree, cherry / cerezo, el arbol, o la fruta del (M)
Frances Karttunen, An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992), 25.

Attestations from sources in English: 

The capolin has trilingual descriptions and an image (of the capolcuahuitl, capolin tree) and the elocapolin in the Digital Florentine Codex. Its fruit is harvested and sold in the tianquiztli.
Sahagún, Bernardino de, Antonio Valeriano, Alonso Vegerano, Martín Jacobita, Pedro de San Buenaventura, Diego de Grado, Bonifacio Maximiliano, Mateo Severino, et al. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Florentine Codex), Ms. Mediceo Palatino 218–20, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, MiBACT, 1577. Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Kevin Terraciano, Jeanette Peterson, Diana Magaloni, and Lisa Sousa, bk. 11, fol. 124v. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/124v . Accessed 14 November 2025.

There are several varieties of capolin. The elocapolin has larger, more sought-after berries. The tlaolcapolin berries are much less desirable, and in fact they are offensive. Similarly, the xitomacapolin is harmful to the stomach, and people avoid it.
Sahagún, Bernardino de, Antonio Valeriano, Alonso Vegerano, Martín Jacobita, Pedro de San Buenaventura, Diego de Grado, Bonifacio Maximiliano, Mateo Severino, et al. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Florentine Codex), Ms. Mediceo Palatino 218–20, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, MiBACT, 1577. Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter, Alicia Maria Houtrouw, Kevin Terraciano, Jeanette Peterson, Diana Magaloni, and Lisa Sousa, bk. 11, fol. 125r. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/125r . Accessed 14 November 2025. See also 125v.

See an image that represents capolin in the Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, ed. Stephanie Wood (Eugene, Ore.: Wired Humanities, 2020-present).

The cacapolton is a small tree with leaves similar to the capolin (or capulin), but the fruit is red, then turns purple, and finally black. The leaves are used for curing tumors, diarrhea, fevers, wounds, and eye inflammation. (Central Mexico, 1571–1615)
The Mexican Treasury: The Writings of Dr. Francisco Hernández, ed. Simon Varey, transl. Rafael Chabrán, Cynthia L. Chamberlin, and Simon Varey (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000), 123.

Capolin = a "fruit similar in every respect to our cherries—in shape, color and size; in their seeds or pits, and in taste (except that they tend to the taste of mulberries)...The decoction of its bark, after it has been put out in the sun for fifteen days, drunk in the amount of an ounce, cures bloody diarrhea. Ground to powder, the bark removes cloudiness from the eyes, makes sight clear, and cures inflammations." (Central Mexico, 1571–1615)
The Mexican Treasury: The Writings of Dr. Francisco Hernández, ed. Simon Varey, transl. Rafael Chabrán, Cynthia L. Chamberlin, and Simon Varey (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000), 126.

Attestations from sources in Spanish: 

oyetetl caltin centetlapancali ontetl xacaltin yoan in calacuemitl ypan mani tlapalnopali yoan metl ypan onoc yoan capolime yan onoc yoan capolime = dos aposentos, los de terrado y otro de jacale, y encima de la tierra [solariega] hay nopales de grana y magueyes y árboles de capulín (San Bartolomé Tenango, 1585)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos indígenas novohispanos, vol. 1, Testamentos en castellano del siglo XVI y en náhuatl y castellano de Ocotelulco de los siglos XVI y XVII, eds. Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Elsa Leticia Rea López, y Constantino Medina Lima (Mexico: CIESAS, 1999), 250–251.