TLOH-TLI (1): a general term for falcon-like raptors [FC: 43 Tlhotli]: Several of these specific kinds of raptors cannot be confidently equated with one or another known Mexican species, though Martin del Campo and I have made a stab at it, for better or worse. The Prairie Falcon is the prototype and may be known simply as TOH-TLI, or more specifically as IZTAC-TLOH-TLI.
Fr. Bernardino ]de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 11 – Earthly Things, no. 14, Part XII, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1963); Rafael Martín del Campo, “Ensayo de interpretación del Libro Undecimo de la Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España de Fray Bernardino de Sahagún – 11 Las Aves (1),” Anales del Instituto de Biología Tomo XI, Núm. 1 (México, D.F., 1940); and, with quotation selections, synthesis, and analysis here also appearing in E. S. Hunn, "The Aztec Fascination with Birds: Deciphering Sixteenth-Century Sources," unpublished manuscript, 2022, cited here with permission.
TLOH-TLI (2): Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus) [FC: 43 Tlhotli]: “Also its name is totli. It is ashen. It is a hunter, a bird of prey ; a whirrer; a flesh-eater. Its bill is pointed, curve; green, dark green. Its legs are dark green.” This term clearly serves as a generic term for a variety of falcon-like raptors. In this instance, it names the prototypical falcon, which, according to Martin del Campo, is the Prairie Falcon. Today, the Prairie Falcon nests in north central Mexico and spreads south towards the Valley of Mexico in winter. It might have been more common in Central Mexico in Aztec times.
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 11 – Earthly Things, no. 14, Part XII, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1963); Rafael Martín del Campo, “Ensayo de interpretación del Libro Undecimo de la Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España de Fray Bernardino de Sahagún – 11 Las Aves (1),” Anales del Instituto de Biología Tomo XI, Núm. 1 (México, D.F., 1940); and, with quotation selections, synthesis, and analysis here also appearing in E. S. Hunn, "The Aztec Fascination with Birds: Deciphering Sixteenth-Century Sources," unpublished manuscript, 2022, cited here with permission.
ytoca tlutly = named Tlotli [he is the younger brother of Tonal] (Cuernavaca region, ca. 1540s)
The Book of Tributes: Early Sixteenth-Century Nahuatl Censuses from Morelos, ed. and transl. S. L. Cline, (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1993), 126–127.
Alonso Tlotli, a baptized Mexica, in July 1564, in trouble with the law for protesting the rising rates of tributes
Luis Reyes García, ¿Como te confundes? ¿Acaso no somos conquistados? Anales de Juan Bautista (Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Biblioteca Lorenzo Boturini Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Guadalupe, 2001), 220–221.