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Search Issues: Update 2026-09-16 - Repairs to some of our search pages are ongoing. Thank you for your continued patience!
Meanwhile, elements of the Advanced Search are working and the Alphabetical Listings are working, too.
Lesser Goldfinch, a bird (see Hunn, attestations)
XOPAN-TŌTŌ-TL, literally, “summer bird,” Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria) [FC: 52 xopan tototl]. Synonym of MIYAHUA-TŌTŌ-TL, the Lesser Goldfinch.
bibl>Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 11 – Earthly Things, no. 14, Part XII, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1963); and, E. S. Hunn, "The Aztec Fascination with Birds: Deciphering Sixteenth-Century Sources," unpublished manuscript, 2022, cited here with permission.