Luis Reyes García, Eustaquio Celestino Solís, Armando Valencia Ríos, et al, Documentos nauas de la Ciudad de México del siglo XVI (Mexico City: Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social y Archivo General de la Nación, 1996), 103.
cow, cows (vacas, vacastin, huacax); ox, oxen
(a loanword from Spanish; a reanalyzed plural form of vaca, the word for "cow" in Spanish, huacax, can be seen to intend singular or plural)
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 69.
a place name and a Spanish last name, but it could also be used by indigenous people; e.g. don Pablo de Valencia, municipal governor of Tlaxcala in 1561 and 1562
Here in This Year: Seventeenth-Century Nahuatl Annals of the Tlaxcala-Puebla Valley, ed. and transl. Camilla Townsend, with an essay by James Lockhart (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010), 166–167.
valley (part of the title of Hernando Cortés, Marqués del Valle); often a reference to the Valley of Oaxaca, part of his domain
(a loanword from Spanish)
a Spanish colonial "yard," or 0.82 meters; also, the staff or scepter of office of a municipal council member; both of these are concepts introduced by Spaniards Charles Gibson, The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519-1810, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1964.
a name, a Spanish surname; it was also taken by indigenous people; e.g. don Hernando Velázquez, named in the testament of don Antonio Pimentel, possibly an executor or possibly a ruler to succeed Pimentel; he was a son of Coanacochtzin
(central Mexico, early seventeenth century) Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 202–203.
Louise M. Burkhart, Before Guadalupe: The Virgin Mary in Early Colonial Nahuatl Literature, Institute for Mesoamerican Studies Monograph 13 (Albany: University at Albany, 2001), 16.
a Spanish surname; e.g. Santiago de Vera, an "alcalde de corte" (probably a Spaniard or a creole), set out for "China" (i.e. the Philippines) in 1584 with four musicians who play wind instruments, but in the end only one chirimía player from Atlixxocan went with him
(central Mexico, early seventeenth century) see Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 28–29.