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Displaying 441 - 480 of 1121 records found.

to carve or trace a design using stone

Gran Diccionario Náhuatl, citing A. Wimmer (2004), "couvrir quelque chose d'un dessin à l'aide d'une pierre. / décalquer quelque chose à l'aide d'une pierre" (to cover something with a drawing using a stone, or to trace something using a stone), translate to English here by Stephanie Wood; https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/teicuiloa/62189

the name of a very important divine or sacred force, associated with war, the sun, and the rain; the translation of the name is debated, e.g., "Left-Hand Side of the Hummingbird," "Hummingbird's Left," or, "Left of the Hummingbird" (and left was associated with the cardinal direction south)
See, for example, Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales, ed. Thelma D. Sullivan, et al. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 93.

... http://www.history.ucsb.edu/cline/testaments_of_culhuacan.pdf , 10. Xomolli, tlayoualli ticmotoctia. Inin tlatolli, ...

order, to put in order; to put in a row

... merchant (Lockhart); a vanguard merchant (see attestations, translators of Sahagún); once linked to merchants from ...

a xolotl head adornment, worn on the back; looks like a dog with a long neck and no ears
Gran Diccionario Náhuatl, citing Wimmer 2004, who cites Sahagún, second example is from Tezozomoc (1598), https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/cuaxolotl/47443 and https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/cuaxolotl/174877. Translation here to English by Stephanie Wood.

... http://www.history.ucsb.edu/cline/testaments_of_culhuacan.pdf , 15–16. yni caltzitli yhua tlacoo ynn isolarto = this ...
... http://www.history.ucsb.edu/cline/testaments_of_culhuacan.pdf , 13. Av inic ayac quitlacoz yh ce topille pepenaloz in ...
... http://www.history.ucsb.edu/cline/testaments_of_culhuacan.pdf , 6. Testament cites 7 chinampas (chicontetl nochinan), ...

monastery
(a loanword from Spanish)

literally, On the Serpent-Sand, this was "a space situated at the steps of the [temple of Huitzilopochtli] and the patio below, a space that [one] would climb up in five or six steps" and played an important role in the ritual of human sacrifice.

Digital Florentine Codex, Book 2, f. 72r; translation from Spanish to English by León García-Garagarza (2023), https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/book/2/folio/72r.

a divine force, usually translated as Cloud Serpent; said in the Florentine Codex to be the only deity worshipped by the Chichimecs (Sahagún); also, a personal name taken by Nahua men
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 34.

fourteenth ruler of the Mexica (fourth ruler in Tenochtitlan; fourteenth when counting from their time in Aztlan); also, a person's name (attested male), meaning "Obsidian Snake"
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 144–5. And, for the translation, see: Marc Zender, "One Hundred and Fifty Years of Nahuatl Decipherment," The PARI Journal 8:4 (Spring 2008), 25.

the name of a river in the hot lands
A. Wimmer, citing Sahagún and Garibay, in the Gran Diccionario Náhuatl, https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/amacozatl/40492

the name of a barrio (also spelled Amacotzac) near Cohuixco (presumably near the river, too)
Pilar Maynez, El calepino de Sahagún: Un acercamiento (2014), referring to book 11, f. 224. Maynez translated Amacotzac as "En el Arcoiris."

the feather of a bird of yellow color (from the toztli bird), used for rites, dance, and "sorcery"
A. Wimmer, citing Garibay, and published in the Gran Diccionario Náhuatl, https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/tocihuitl/73946. Translation to English by Stephanie Wood.
The orthographic variant with the "z" has not yet been attested, but we are including it here given that the feather comes from the toz(tli) bird.

to write or paint; to record, as in a census

... tlitl. See: http://whp.wired-humanities.org/del/TlitlVocab.pdf . nochi tletl yn oqzique niman ohuihuiyocac tlaticpactli ...
... http://www.history.ucsb.edu/cline/testaments_of_culhuacan.pdf , 13. TLALTECATZIN icozoyahualol itlahuitol ...

a bit, a little, a little bit, small in amount

now, today, current (adverb)

a church expenditure(?), this term is still under investigation; seen defined as funds provided to the church by the cabildo in Cuernavaca (Robert Haskett, 2005); seen as funds to underwrite a special mass relating to Pascua de Resurreccíon (Margarita Loera y Chávez 1981); seen as funds provided to bury a pre-hispanic sculpture that frightened people (Lorenzo Ochoa, 1989); a variant, tetlapalolli, has been translated as "painted," referring to the church (Benjamin Daniel Johnson, 2018, in ed Javier Eduardo Ramírez López), but this was at the time of "Pascua Navidad," so may refer to a mass instead of painting?

like the xochiatl, this may be a medicinal plant that is born and flowers in the water, according to Clavijero 1780
A. Wimmer, 2004, in the Gran Diccionario Náhuatl, https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/nezahualxochitl/180035. Following the link from that page to the page for the xochiatl, https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/xochiatl/76531. Translation to English here by Stephanie Wood.

a lash from a whip (see attestations)

a river; a canal or water ditch (see Molina); the lower counterpart to the cuemitl (ridge) in traditional agriculture; possibly also used to demarcate a boundary or the edge of a parcel of land or territory

a carrying frame fitted to the human back
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 212.

could be used for carrying birds (see Molina), and it can be part of a metaphor for governance when paired with quimilli (see attestations)

to pay back, to pay off, restore what is owed

to kiss (see Lockhart); can also involve an act required in the courts, involving kissing the cross (a religious and legal act) and crossing one's hands in front of one's lips (see attestations)

pronominal prefix of a reflexive verb, first-person singular

service, tribute labor
(a loanword from Spanish)

to sweep (see Molina and Karttunen)

to hide gold, i.e. to keep a treasure

derivational suffix for a concrete thing (see Karttunen)

... http://www.history.ucsb.edu/cline/testaments_of_culhuacan.pdf , 12. nauhteylhuicapan in yatiuh tonatiuh. auh yn ...

sorrowful song(s), song(s) of reflection
Miguel León-Portilla, Native Mesoamerican Spirituality (1980), 204.

... http://www.history.ucsb.edu/cline/testaments_of_culhuacan.pdf , 23. ypampa ytlatquitica yyaxcatica ynic quicava ...

"Two God," a principle of duality and theoretically a creator deity, possibly either with male and female complementary roles/aspects or a pair of deities with one being male (Ometecuhtli or Tonacatecuhtli, among other names) and one female (Omecihuatl or Tonacacihuatl, among other names); may have created all other deities; may have collaborated with Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl; may have presided over the "celestial Place of Duality (Omeyocan)"
See, especially, Frances Karttunen, Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), 220.See also the Wikipedia discussion of Ometeotl, translated there as "Dual Cosmic Energy."

a famous name; held by the leader of the merchants of Tlatelolco during the reign of Cuacuauhpitzahuac, and held by a lord of Colhuahcân who was a successor of Yohuallatônac; finally, according to Siméon, this is variant for the name Xiuhtecatl, someone who takes care of green herbs or turquoise

Gran Diccionario Nahuatl, citing the Florentine Codex (Book 9); the 3rd Relation of Chimalpahin; and Rémi Siméon; translation to English here by Stephanie Wood, https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/tziuhtecatl/75330

with numbers; functions like om- (two; also means and or plus)

James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 228.

to frown in anger (see Karttunen); to become angry

nonspecific human object prefix; also occurs as an impersonal possessive prefix to convey a generic sense: everyone in general, people (see Karttunen)