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Displaying 921 - 960 of 1121 records found.

to bathe oneself or another person; or to sacrifice and kill enslaved people as offerings to divinities, or to offer ornaments to the temple or church (see Molina and Karttunen)

to become angry (see Molina and Lockhart)

to feel malaise, be unhappy, languish
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 227.

skull rack (see attestations); also, a name for a tree in Mexico (tzompancuahuitl) is a synonym for tzompantli
Gran Diccionario Náhuatl, citing A. Wimmer 2004. https://gdn.iib.unam.mx/diccionario/tzompancuahuitl/75440 Translated here to English by Stephanie Wood.

"The term 'tzompanteuctli' occurs several times in Annals of Cuauhtitlan. John Bierhorst glosses the word as 'skull rack lord, a high official, or oracle.' He also claims that 'nahuateuctli' ('magician lord') is its synonym. The Annals of Cuauhtitlan tell us that in the year 12 House (1517) Mocteuczoma put to death the skull rack lord (tzompanteuctli) of Cuitlahuac, Quetzalmazatzin, and his sons, after his responding to Mocteuczoma’s question with an answer the latter deemed offensive. According to Bierhorst, Quetzalmazatzin was the oracle who predicted the arrival of the Spaniards."
James Maffie, personal communication, August 20, 2024. He cites: John Bierhorst (trans.), History and Mythology of the Aztecs: The Codex Chimalpopoca. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1992, pp. 124, 125, 139–162, 191, 213, and note 468.

memorandum [of a testament]; statement; document (a loanword from Spanish)

an Otomi person; a member of the group of people who speak Otomi (a language unrelated to Nahuatl) (see Karttunen)

life, living; conduct, manner of living

James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 226.

1) to earn one's way with difficulty; to suffer lack, to tire. in 2nd person preterit, especially reverential, welcome, greetings; 2) to be weary, fatigued; 3) to suffer travail, become fatigued, expend effort

James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 220.

to cultivate or plow the land (see Molina); to till the soil (see Karttunen); to cultivate (land) (see Lockhart)

a separate thing, or an item; used as a counter and usually has a number or quantifier with it (see Lockhart); legal party in land sales

edible herbs and vegetables (see Molina)

James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 232.

something sweet (see Molina)

a deity whose name literally meant "Nose Lord;" but, the word nose lent itself to words with the meaning of leader, leading, etc., so this was a deity who was special to the vanguard merchants, who penetrated the province of Anahuac looking for trade goods (which could expand the empire)
Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales, ed. Thelma D. Sullivan, et al. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 99.

in four places or in four parts (see Molina and Karttunen)

a violet-colored hummingbird (see Hunn, attestations)

a Spanish dry measure, the equivalent of a bushel and a half; also used as a measure of land (a loanword from Spanish) a grain measure and a land measure (that portion of grain required for sowing a certain plot of land) Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 26.

to lay down flat things; to offer, put out; to found (as in a town)

flesh; body (when possessed); something pertaining to meat; something fleshy and fat, exclusive of bones (see Molina, Karttunen, and Lockhart)

town, pueblo; ethnic state; sovereign sociopolitical unit; community; literally, contains the elements atl, water, and tepetl, hill, natural features that might once have been appealing for choosing where to settle, e.g. the site of a natural mountain spring

to give to someone, to issue, to restore (see Lockhart, Carochi, and Molina, and with attestations)

tribute land, tribute field
James Lockhart, The Nahuas after the Conquest: A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992), 157.

a thief (see Molina and Karttunen); see also our entry for ichtequi, to steal; due to orthographic variations, ichtequi and ichtecqui are often indistinguishable without context

dancing (see Lockhart); also can include singing (see attestations)
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 227.

a Spanish surname that was taken by an indigenous noble family (see attestations)

mesquite tree; its sap was used for ink (see Karttunen and Molina); also, a person's name (attested male)

ma.

let, may, whether it be, is (optative); can be used in a negative sentence (let not...)

to be sick, hurt, injured; or, to hurt someone (see Lockhart); also, cocohua = serpents, snakes (see Molina)

to see to; to take care of; to concern oneself with something

James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 216.

equipment of women, women's belongings; women's array

to take, or to take something away, apprehend, take prisoner (transitive); to take hold of, seize something, someone; to stretch and grow (in body size); to take each other in marriage (when plural and preceded by tito-) (see Molina, Karttunen, and attestations)

something cold
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 213.

religious habit
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 53.

a child, boy or girl (see Molina); also, a baby boy (see Sahagún)

astrologer (see attestations)

a rod, wand, scepter, or staff of office (see also topile, one who holds the staff, a constable) (see Molina and Karttunen)

a male or a female dog

useless, idle, or lazy woman, born during the five unlucky/useless days at the end of the year that were associated with darkness and feminine spiritual forces. This is explained in the Florentine Codex in Book 2, folio 12 recto (see: https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/book/2/folio/12r). And see the attestations, below.

no one; nobody; or, for someone to be absent (see Lockhart)