(central Mexico, late sixteenth century; originally from Sahagún in 1574, a document that Chimalpahin copied) Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 136–137.
an official of the royal treasury; also, a mercantile or company agent in the sixteenth century, prevalent in the early phases of colonization in the Americas Matthew Restall and Florine Asselbergs, Invading Guatemala (2007), 113.
a Spanish dry measure, the equivalent of a bushel and a half; also used as a measure of land (a loanword from Spanish) a grain measure and a land measure (that portion of grain required for sowing a certain plot of land) Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 26.
surnames of an archbishop in Mexico, don Alonso Fernández de Bonilla
(central Mexico, 1614) see Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 282–283.
philosophy Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 1.
to sign, add a signature
(from firmar, a Spanish loanword)
Frances Karttunen and James Lockhart, Nahuatl in the Middle Years: Language Contact Phenomena in Texts of the Colonial Period, Linguistics 85 (Los Angeles, University of California Publications, 1976), 32.
sign something, make a rubric on it
(from firmar, a Spanish loanword)
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 217.
among indigenous people, church steward, the highest of all indigenous church-related officials; also a term used for Spanish officials, who represent the government or a specific branch of the government in legal matters somewhat like a prosecuting attorney The Tlaxcalan Actas: A Compendium of the Records of the Cabildo of Tlaxcala (1545-1627), eds. James Lockhart, Frances Berdan, and Arthur J.O. Anderson (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1986), 153.
a Spanish last name, but it could also be taken by indigenous people; e.g. don Antonio Flores, municipal governor of Tlaxcala in 1565
Here in This Year: Seventeenth-Century Nahuatl Annals of the Tlaxcala-Puebla Valley, ed. and transl. Camilla Townsend, with an essay by James Lockhart (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010), 166–167.
people forced into exile
(a loanword from Spanish)
(central Mexico, 1613) Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 236–237.
(central Mexico, 1614) see Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 280–281.
French people, people of France, people from France (partly a loanword from Spanish) (ca. 1582, Mexico City) Luis Reyes García, ¿Como te confundes? ¿Acaso no somos conquistados? Anales de Juan Bautista (Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Biblioteca Lorenzo Boturini Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Guadalupe, 2001), 174–175.
a saint's name given to indigenous men at baptism; interesting, too, for the orthographic variations that came in writing Nahuatl (and possibly indicative of pronunciation)