Spanish Loanwords

today, in parts of rural Mexico, a heavy harrow pulled by oxen and used to prepare the soil for sowing
(a loanword from Spanish)

Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 248. A personal communication from Eliazar Hernández.

a shotgun
(a loanword from Spanish)

scorpio, a sign of the zodiac; actually, originally a loanword from Latin, although possibly similar in siixteenth-century Spanish; see Lori Boornazian Diel, The Codex Mexicanus: A Guide to Life in Late-Sixteenth-Century New Spain (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018), 173.

Also attested in: (central Mexico, early seventeenth century) Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 128–129.

scribe, notary; perhaps an assistant to the escribano, for both titles can be found in a list of cabildo officers, as though they were separate offices

Juan Buenaventura Zapata y Mendoza, Historia cronológica de la Noble Ciudad de Tlaxcala, transcripción paleográfica, traducción, presentación y notas por Luis Reyes García y Andrea Martínez Baracs (Tlaxcala and Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Secretaría de Extensión Universitaria y Difusión Cultural, y Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, 1995), 222–3.

a notarial document recording a bill of sale; see also our entry for "carta de venta," which had the same meaning)
(a loanword from Spanish)

a shield, a coat of arms; shields could be decorated with feathers; see also chimalli

essence; formal existence
(a loanword from Spanish)

sword
(a loanword from Spanish)

a Spaniard (male)

spirit; part of phrase espíritu santo or espíritu sancto (Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit)
(a loanword from Latin through Spanish)

spur (for use with a horse) (see attestations)

a stable (for animals) (a loanword from Spanish,central Mexico, late sixteenth century; originally from Sahagún in 1574, a document that Chimalpahin copied)
Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 136–137.

private legally sanctioned landed property of some size, usually for livestock; also, a small outlying indigenous settlement
(a loanword from Spanish)

James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 217.

stirrup
(a loanword from Spanish)