a Spanish surname carried by a mestizo, Gabriel de Villafuerte, who was the son of an indigenous noblewoman named doña Juana (daughter of Huehue Chicome Xochitzin) and a Spanish captain and conqueror who came to Mexico in the company of Hernando Cortés, Juan Rodríguez de Villafuerte; Gabriel's grandfather Huehue Chicome Xochitzin was the son of Cacamatzin tlacochcalcatl, who was the son of Tlilpotonqui cihuacoatl, who was the son (apparently) of Tlacaeleltzin; such a genealogy links pre-contact with Spanish colonial times
(central Mexico, seventeenth century) Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 89–90, 98–99.
Virgo, a sign of the zodiac; actually, originally a loanword from Latin, although possibly similar in siixteenth-century Spanish; see Lori Boornazian Diel, The Codex Mexicanus: A Guide to Life in Late-Sixteenth-Century New Spain (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018), 173.
Also attested as a sign of the zociac in: central Mexico, early seventeenth century, Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 124–125.
viceroy, or vice-king, highest colonial official, a position held by Spaniards (see also virrey, which is somewhat less common as a loanword in Nahuatl texts) James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.
eve (of a saint's day, holiday, etc.), the night before
(a loanword from Spanish)
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.
by gourd container (called a jícara in Spanish) (a measure); also translates as in a vessel, with or by means of a (gourd) vessel Robert Haskett and Stephanie Wood's notes from Nahuatl sessions with James Lockhart and subsequent research.
lady, madam (a loanword from Spanish, same as señōrah)
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.