a personal name, a follower or devotee of the divine force, [Xipe] Totec J. Richard Andrews, Introduction to Classical Náhuatl (1975), 607.
possibly also the divine force himself (as shown in an image in the Florentine Codex) Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 9: The Merchants", fol. 49v, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/9/folio/49v/images/0 Accessed 1 September 2025.
(central Mexico, sixteenth century) Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 1 -- The Gods; No. 14, Part 2, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1950), 17.
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 45.
abbreviation for totēcuiyo, our lord (the final o is usually elevated in the abbreviation)
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 240.