(mid-word) a passive indicator
Robert Haskett and Stephanie Wood's notes from Nahuatl sessions with James Lockhart and subsequent research.
Spanish verbs had this ending added to their infinitive when they were adopted; an -oa verb that is difficult to decipher may therefore be a loan; often seen in the future tense as ending in -roz or -ros
an ending that makes a noun into a verb
combining form of "onoc", a progressive = "is"
causitive of "oa" verbs
impersonal ending (acts like a passive) for intransitive verbs
pelt, downy fur (see Karttunen)
one's own bones (see Karttunen), a necessarily possessed form
someone who shares one's own type of bones (a necessarily possessed form; see Karttunen)
a directional away from the speaker; there (as in onpa, "allí" in Spanish); then (as in "entonces "in Spanish)
plus (a ligature in a numerical expression); e.g., matlactli once (ten plus one = eleven)
at one's left hand (only attested in possessed form) (see Karttunen)
male genitals (see Karttunen), a necessarily possessed form
honorifc form of oquichtiuh, older brother (a necessarily possessed form; see Karttunen)
older brother (from the point of view of a sister) (a necessarily possessed form; see Karttunen)
one's semen (a necessarily possessed form; see Karttunen)
past tense indicator: "had" done something, or "was"
a past tense indicator