a person's name (attested male); also, a tlatoani of the Chichimecas, son of Mamahuini; he became tlatoani in the year his father died, 2 Flint; he turned power over to his son, Tecamecatl, in 13 Reed; he died in 2 Rabbit (1445?); xiuhcozcatl = another name for the wild domestic turkey (see totolin)
(Quauhtinchan, sixteenth century) Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Güemes, y Luis Reyes García (México: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 215, 219, 220.
daughter of Aatzin, an ancient Mexica lord who reached Tenochtitlan; Aatzin gave this daughter to Acamapichtli to help him produce a child when his own wife, Illancueitl could not have children (all according to Chimalpahin)
(central Mexico, seventeenth century) Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 82–83.
a medicinal plant, mixed with other plants and stones for making a drink to cure head ailments (fever and chills); also used with injuries of the feet
Martín de la Cruz, Libellus de medicinalibus indorum herbis; manuscrito azteca de 1552; segun traducción latina de Juan Badiano; versión española con estudios comentarios por diversos autores (Mexico: Fondo de Cultural Económica; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 1991), 17 [7r.], 53 [37r.].
mosaic turquoise diadem, the pre-contact Mexican royal crown Justyna Olko, Turquoise Diadems and Staffs of Office: Elite Costume and Insignia of Power in Aztec and Early Colonial Mexico (Warsaw: Polish Society for Latin American Studies and Centre for Studies on the Classical Tradition, University of Warsaw, 2005), 113, 114.
the turquoise diadem Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 57.
a binding of the years; a calendrical concept; this happened every fifty-two years; originally, 1 Tochtli (One Rabbit) was recognized as the beginning of the first cycle of fifty-two years; but it was changed to 2 Acatl (Two Reed) in 1455 as a result of 1454 being a year of troubles (see attestations)
turquoise ear plugs Justyna Olko, Turquoise Diadems and Staffs of Office: Elite Costume and Insignia of Power in Aztec and Early Colonial Mexico (Warsaw: Polish Society for Latin American Studies and Centre for Studies on the Classical Tradition, University of Warsaw, 2005), 128.
the Morning Star; also, Xiuhnel was the name of a Cloud Serpent {mixcoatl) in an origin story studied by Williard Gingerich; Xiuhneltzin was a Chichimec ruler who governed in Temilco; the name Xiuhnel was also taken by tribute payers, such as in the area of Mexico City, held by a man who lived in the city prior to the Spanish invasion) see attestations; it is also regularly attested in sixteenth-century Huejotzingo (contemporary state of Puebla).
herbal mixer is the translation Hanns J. Prem gave this name (Kräutermischerin) in his study of the Matrícula de Huexotzinco (1974, 667)
incapable is the translation of A. Wimmer (2004), citing the Florentine Codex, Book 10, f. 49, according to the Gran Diccionario Náhuatl
a woman's name; in the Historia Tolteca Chichimeca, she is mentioned as being a wife (zohuatl), apparently of an Olmec Xicalanca tlahtoani (sixteenth century, Quauhtinchan) Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Güemes, y Luis Reyes García (México: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 152.