to humiliate or humble someone (see Molina)
to live humbly (see Molina)
to live humble, to live austerely (see attestations)
one who lives humbly, or like an orphan Anastasia Kalyuta, "Nomen est omen: Pre-Hispanic Nahua Naming Patterns," in Mexicolore, ed. Ian Mursell (2016), https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/language/prehispanic-nahua-naming-pa..., visited 21 February 2026.
to be close to dying, referring to an ill person (see Molina)
to make someone become a widow (see Molina)
a widower (literally, unfortunate/orphaned man; with the added connotation of his being worthy of compassion) (see Molina)
that which one deserves, merits; to be deserving, worthy of something
hospital for orphans (see Molina)
to deserve, acquire, obtain, get something (see Lockhart, Molina, and Karttunen)
someone ungrateful (see Molina and Karttunen)
to think of someone as ungrateful (see Molina)
to be ungrateful (see Molina and Karttunen)
ingratitude (see Molina)
an orphan, fatherless child, a person deserving of compassion (see Molina and Karttunen)
poverty (Sullivan); also, bereavement (see Bierhorst, attestations)
Thelma D. Sullivan, "Nahuatl Proverbs, Conundrums, and Metaphors, Collected by Sahagún," Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl 4 (1963), 106–107.
to be ungrateful (see Molina)
ungratefulness (see Molina)
to thank someone with humility for some benefit received (see Molina)
orphanhood and misery (see Molina)