to blacken (central Mexico, late sixteenth century; originally from Sahagún in 1574, a document that Chimalpahin copied) Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 140–141.
a black and white butterfly, much like the xicalpapalotl Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 11: Earthly Things", fol. 100v, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/100v Accessed 6 November 2025.
a priestly name (and refers to the regalia worn by the priest that seems to have included perhaps stinky black feathers); a botanical name (for a rare bean?); a personal name--used by some Nahua men of the ruling class in the autonomous era and after colonization, but also a name used by more humble tribute payers (see attestations)