a type of chile that is dried and smoked to make it last
(Valley of Mexico, 1570–1587)
The Mexican Treasury: The Writings of Dr. Francisco Hernández, ed. Simon Varey, transl. Rafael Chabrán, Cynthia L. Chamberlin, and Simon Varey (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000), 110.
any type of wood that smokes a lot when put on the fire (probably most likely what is called "green" wood today in English) Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 11: Earthly Things", fol. 114r, Sahagún, Bernardino de. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. Transcribed and translated with notes by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble. 2nd rev. ed. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research / University of Utah Press, 1950–82. Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/114r Accessed 11 November 2025.
to get smoky, to smoke something, or to fill something with smoke (Karttunen), such as a house or a wall (Molina); or, for grains/maize/bread to get overcooked, overheated (Molina)
a silk cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra), a "large and beautiful" tree (see Molina and Karttunen); frondous, this tree produces something that looks like cotton bolls
# Un árbol, ropa o otro tipo de comida nada más se revienta cuando ya no sirve. “La leña de mi papá ya se está desasiendo porque no lo careó antes y espesaron a picar los mosquitos”.
fat (sixteenth century, central Mexico) Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 98.
vanguard merchants, merchants who worshipped Yacateuctli and carried his likeness on their long journeys (central Mexico, sixteenth century) Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 1 -- The Gods; No. 14, Part 2, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1950), 18.