a rare snake whose body can become flat and round, like a shield (hence its name); a foolish person can see it and have an unfortunate fate; a wise person might earn the rank of eagle or jaguar (warrior), become a ruler or a general; the warrior reference seems borne out by the fact that the shield painted as a part of the snake in the Florentine Codex is one with a step-fret coil
Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 11: Earthly Things", fol. 85r, Sahagún, Bernardino de. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. Transcribed and translated with notes by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble. 2nd rev. ed. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research / University of Utah Press, 1950–82. Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/85r?spTexts=&nhTexts= Accessed 31 October 2025.
don Pablo Chimalcoatzin was the son of Huehue Mauhcaxochitzin, and he had two sons, don Jacobo and don Franciso Carsetero, a resident of Ateponazco; such a genealogy links pre-contact with Spanish colonial times
(central Mexico, seventeenth century) Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 104–105.
(central Mexico, 1614) see Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 292–293.
the sister of the first ruler of the Mexica, Huehue Huitzilihuitl Chichimecatl, according to Chimalpahin, and mother of Acamapichtli
Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 74–75.
a shield; a symbol for war itself; also attested as a name (Chimaltzin) James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 214.
can have feather decorations; and, some necklaces had a shield-shaped design (see attestations)
(late sixteenth century, Tetzcoco?) Ballads of the Lords of New Spain: The Codex Romances de los Señores de la Nueva España, transcribed and translated by John Bierhorst (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009), 32.
a sea turtle This is how the keyword associated with an image of a fish is defined in the Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 11: Earthly Things", fol. 62r, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/62r/images/792e0272-d... Accessed 25 October 2025.
don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin has been called the greatest Nahua annalist of the Spanish colonial period, active in the first third of the seventeenth century
See Sell's comments in Bartolomé de Alva, A Guide to Confession Large and Small in the Mexican Language, 1634, eds. Barry D. Sell and John Frederick Schwaller, with Lu Ann Homza (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 20.
a ruler of Mexico-Tenochtitlan in the fifteenth century; the thirteenth ruler of the Mexica when counting from Aztlan Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 144–5.
he was the offspring of Huitzilihuitl and Matlalxochitzin; his mother was from Tiliuhcan Tlacopan Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 82–83, 94–95.